NeuroRx and Relief Therapeutics Report Initial Phase 2b/3 Study Results Demonstrating Significant Benefit of ZYESAMI™ in Reducing Hospital Stay Among Patients with Respiratory Failure due to Critical COVID-19
If Authorized for Use, ZYESAMI™ Would be First Treatment Specifically for Critically Ill Patients with Respiratory Failure
RADNOR, Pa. and GENEVA, Feb. 9, 2021 /PRNewswire/ — NeuroRx, Inc. and Relief Therapeutics Holdings AG (SIX:RLF; OTCQB: RLFTF) today reported preliminary results from the Phase 2b/3 trial of ZYESAMI™ (aviptadil, previously RLF-100) in patients with respiratory failure due to Critical COVID-19. The study showed that patients who were treated with the maximal standard of care plus ZYESAMI benefited significantly from the treatment, compared to those treated with placebo plus maximal standard of care. If authorized for use, ZYESAMI would be the first drug indicated specifically for COVID-19 patients who are critically ill with respiratory failure.
In the study, patients treated with ZYESAMI were discharged earlier from hospital care than those treated with placebo. Among the secondary efficacy endpoints evaluated in patients treated with High Flow Nasal Cannula therapy and with Mechanical Ventilation, there were six of 8 comparisons, all favoring ZYESAMI, resulting in at least a three-day median difference in hospital stay. The likelihood of this constellation of findings being observed by chance was less than 3 in 100 (P<.03). The largest difference observed was among those treated with HFNC who experienced 13 fewer days in ICU (12 vs. 25) and 8 fewer days in hospital (15 vs. 23) (P<.05).
Length of hospital stay was a declared secondary endpoint of the study and previously featured in the granting of drug approval to antiviral drugs in COVID-19, although those drugs were not identified as achieving a difference in outcome among those already in respiratory failure.
With the improvement in survival since the start of the pandemic, differences in survival were not seen at day 28, and patients are being followed through day 60. The study has not yet determined results for the stated primary endpoint of recovery from respiratory failure and the secondary endpoint data reported today should not create an expectation that the primary endpoint will be met overall or for any subgroup. Study investigators are in the process of confirming the timing of each case of recovery from medical records, following which the study’s investigators’ committee will review each case prior to unblinded data analysis of this endpoint.
Jonathan Javitt, M.D., M.P.H., CEO of NeuroRx, said: “We are forever indebted to the study coordinators, nurses, respiratory therapists, and doctors who carried out this study in the midst of a public health calamity that so far has claimed the lives of nearly half a million Americans and millions worldwide. Our study teams kept the effort going despite contracting COVID themselves, losing family members, and dealing with an unimaginable daily reality. We are greatly encouraged by the outcome of this study. The data provide support for ZYESAMI as a drug that may help get patients home to their families sooner. The hospitalization data further suggest that patients treated at an earlier stage of illness (i.e. those who can be managed with HFNC) may have a better response to treatment. We have launched a phase 2/3 trial to explore its inhaled use in patients who are not yet in respiratory failure. Further study of ZYESAMI’s role in critical COVID-19 will be conducted under the BARDA and DOD Medical Countermeasures-funded I-SPY trial. In addition, we have signed a clinical trial agreement with another federal program the details of which will be announced shortly. We will also report on day 60 survival.
We look forward to discussing with the Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory authorities the submission of an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) so that ZYESAMI can be available for treating this population that is at immediate risk of death and for which there is no approved therapy.”
Dr. Javitt added: “To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of clinically and statistically-significant benefit by any therapeutic agent in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure in a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial. Other COVID-19 therapeutics have demonstrated clinical advantage in patients with non-critical COVID-19 (ordinal scale 4 and 5) but have not demonstrated benefit in those with Critical COVID-19 (ordinal scale 6 and 7). Steroids have demonstrated benefit in open-label studies. However, no randomized controlled trial to date has shown efficacy when patients are in respiratory failure and require High Flow Nasal Cannula, Non-invasive ventilation, or Mechanical Ventilation to maintain blood oxygenation. ZYESAMI would be the first drug for such critically ill patients. Of note, the patients who received either drug or placebo in this trial also received all approved and standard of care treatments including Remdesivir, anti-cytokine drugs, steroids, and anticoagulants.”
The study, conducted in 10 medical centers, also showed the safety of the drug when administered by intravenous infusion in the ICU. No drug-related serious adverse events were reported. The only side effect of note was mild to moderate diarrhea, an expected side effect of ZYESAMI, which was seen in 30% of patients who received the treatment and hypotension, which was seen in.
The data were generated in multicenter clinical trial whose subjects were COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure being treated with the maximal standard of care that included anti-coagulants, steroids, convalescent plasma and antiviral drugs. The primary endpoint was the resolution of respiratory failure within 28 days after treatment started. The secondary endpoints were patient survival, time to ICU discharge, time to hospital discharge, time to return to NIAID score of 6-8, and safety.
A total of 203 patients were screened and consented to participate in the study; 136 were given ZYESAMI. while 67 received the standard of care (SOC). All patients were evaluated through Day 28 with planned long-term follow-up through day 60. A total of 138 patients (91 ZYESAMI, 47 SOC) survived through Day 28. Ninety-six patients (65 ZYESAMI, 31 SOC) were discharged from the hospital by Day 28. Data analysis per protocol is ongoing.
The most common side effects of ZYESAMI in the clinical trial were mild to moderate diarrhea (seen in 30% of ZYESAMI-treated vs. 1.5% of placebo-treated patients) and systemic hypotension (low blood pressure) seen in 31 ZYESAMI-treated patients vs. 25 placebo patients. There were two deaths in the study related to hypotension, both of which occurred more than a week after treatment. One patient was in the ZYESAMI group, and the other was in the placebo group. All potentially serious adverse effects were investigated by a board-certified critical care physician together with site investigators, and none was deemed drug-related.
About VIP in COVID-19
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) was first discovered by the late Dr. Sami Said in 1970. Although first identified in the intestinal tract, VIP is now known to be produced throughout the body and to be primarily concentrated in the lungs. VIP has been shown in more than 100 peer-reviewed studies to have potent anti-inflammatory/anti-cytokine activity in animal models of respiratory distress, acute lung injury, and inflammation. Most importantly, 70% of the VIP in the body is bound to a rare cell in the lung, the alveolar type II cell (ATII), that is critical to transmission of oxygen to the body.
COVID-19-related respiratory failure is caused by selective infection of the ATII cell by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They are vulnerable because of their (ACE2) surface receptors, which serve as the route of entry for the virus. These specialized cells manufacture surfactant that coats the lung and is essential for oxygen exchange. Loss of surfactant causes collapse of the air sacs (alveolae) in the lung and results in respiratory failure.
VIP is shown to block Coronavirus replication in the ATII cell, block cytokine synthesis, block viral-induced cell death (cytopathy), and upregulate surfactant production. Other than ZYESAMI™, no currently proposed treatments for COVID-19 specifically target these vulnerable Type II cells.
About NeuroRx, Inc.
NeuroRx draws upon more than 100 years of collective drug development experience from senior executives of AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and PPD. In addition to its work on Aviptadil, NeuroRx has been awarded Breakthrough Therapy Designation and a Special Protocol Agreement to develop NRX-101 in suicidal bipolar depression and is currently in Phase 3 trials. Its executive team is led by Prof. Jonathan C. Javitt, MD, MPH, who has served as a health advisor to four Presidential administrations and worked on paradigm-changing drug development projects for Merck, Allergan, Pharmacia, Pfizer, Novartis, and Mannkind, together with Robert Besthof, MIM, who served as the Global Vice President (Commercial) for Pfizer’s Neuroscience and Pain Division. The Company recently announced a plan to merge with Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp (NASDAQ:BRPA) (“Big Rock“), following which it is expected to trade on the NASDAQ as NRXP.
About RELIEF THERAPEUTICS Holding AG
Relief focuses primarily on clinical-stage programs based on molecules of natural origin (peptides and proteins) with a history of clinical testing and use in human patients or a strong scientific rationale. Currently, Relief is concentrating its efforts on developing new treatments for respiratory disease indications. Its lead drug candidate RLF-100™ (aviptadil) is being investigated in two placebo-controlled U.S. phase 2b/3 clinical trials in respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Relief also holds a patent issued in the United States and various other countries covering potential formulations of RLF-100™.
RELIEF THERAPEUTICS Holding AG is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange under the symbol RLF and quoted in the U.S. on OTCQB under the symbol RLFTF.
Post courtesy of Yahoo!Finance
